Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics is one of the statistical analyses applied automatically in MerQur. This page illustrates — on a Architecture, Planning & Design sample dataset — how the analysis is run, what the MerQur output looks like, and how the result is reported in APA 7 format.
🎯 What is it for?
Descriptive Statistics automatically applies all necessary assumption checks (normality, homogeneity of variance, etc.) for the relevant data type in the background and presents the results with a clear table + chart. Automated interpretation to the APA 7 standard, effect sizes such as Cohen’s d/η²/R², and 95% confidence intervals are reported.
📌 When is it used?
- Statistical analysis of measurements in the Architecture, Planning & Design domain
- To produce APA 7-compatible result tables for academic publications
- Hypothesis testing and decision-making processes
- Undergraduate / master’s / PhD theses after the appropriate method has been selected
📐 Assumptions
- Appropriate scale — Variables must be at the measurement level required by the analysis (nominal/ordinal/interval/ratio)
- Independent observations — Observations must come from individuals independent of one another
- Sufficient sample size — The minimum n requirement for the analysis must be met
- Outlier check — Outliers must be detected and evaluated
If assumptions are violated, MerQur automatically suggests a non-parametric or robust alternative.
🛠 How to do it in MerQur
Load the data. Select the sample file from File → Open. MerQur auto-detects column types.
Select the analysis. From the left side select Descriptive Statistics.
Panel assignments (form fields in the program):
- This analysis takes no parameters (auto).
Optional settings. Effect size ✓ · 95% confidence interval ✓ · Assumption checks (automatic).
▶ Run — click the button. Results are produced automatically as a table + chart.
📄 Export to Word. APA 7-formatted report with italic statistical symbols.
📊 Sample Dataset — Architecture, Planning & Design
ℹ Note: The scenario, MerQur output and interpretation below were produced by actually running the real example dataset in MerQur. Numeric results on your own data will differ; the goal is to show how the analysis is set up and interpreted end-to-end.
🎬 Example File
This analysis is demonstrated on the following example dataset for Architecture, Planning & Design:
Peyzaj_Mimarligi/01_descriptive_park_inventory.xlsx
🎬 Scenario
We inventoried 280 parks in a city. For each park we measured area, green-area ratio, tree count, weekly visitors and a satisfaction score. Before testing any hypothesis we want the overall picture of the park stock: average size, green fabric, use and satisfaction ranges. So we start with descriptive statistics.
⚙️ Variable Selection
- Variables: area_m2
- Variables: green_area_ratio
- Variables: tree_count
- Variables: visitor_weekly
- Variables: satisfaction_score
- Grouping (categorical): park_type
Data Preview (First 5 Rows)
| park_id | park_type | area_m2 | green_area_ratio | tree_count | visitor_weekly | satisfaction_score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | neighborhood park | 3673 | 0.786 | 37 | 150 | 4 |
| 2 | child park | 16673 | 0.629 | 186 | 95 | 5 |
| 3 | region park | 7639 | 0.636 | 31 | 55 | 4 |
| 4 | coast park | 6344 | 0.581 | 40 | 280 | 4 |
| 5 | child park | 9297 | 0.782 | 28 | 78 | 2 |
n = 280 · Columns: park_id, park_type, area_m2, green_area_ratio, tree_count, visitor_weekly, satisfaction_score
📈 MerQur Output
💬 Interpretation
We first drew the general picture of the park inventory: 280 parks, mean area ~8,900 m2, 70% green-area ratio, 68 trees per park, 515 weekly visitors, 3.58 satisfaction out of 5. This descriptive table sets the stage for all the analyses that follow — design/region comparisons, green-area-satisfaction relationships, spatial park value. In landscape architecture, before any inferential test, summarising the park stock’s basic features (area, green fabric, use, satisfaction) is essential both to check data quality and to define planning priorities.
⚠ Common Mistakes
- Misidentifying the data type (e.g., loading a categorical variable as numeric)
- Skipping assumption checks and going straight to the p-value
- Failing to report effect size — APA 7 requires both p and effect size
- Failing to apply a Type I error correction (Bonferroni/Tukey) in multiple comparisons
- Not switching to a non-parametric alternative when n is insufficient
📹 Video Walkthrough
Watch the video below for an end-to-end walkthrough of this analysis on a Architecture, Planning & Design file.
▶ Descriptive Statistics — video walkthrough
This section is part of the Veriye İlk Bakış ve Parametrik Testler video (14 analyses in one video). The link below jumps straight to 0:00, where this analysis begins. Narration is in Turkish.
🎓 Education Sciences · 🧪 Natural Sciences & Mathematics · ⚙ Engineering · 🏥 Health Sciences · 📊 Social, Humanities & Admin Sciences · 🏃 Sport Sciences · 🌾 Agriculture, Forestry & Aquatic
📚 If You Used This Analysis, Cite MerQur
If you performed this analysis using MerQur in a scientific study, please use the citation below as part of your academic citation obligations (APA 7):
Örücü, Ö. K. (2026). MerQur: Integrated Academic Data Analysis & Reporting Platform [Computer software] (Version 1.0.0). https://doi.org/10.53463/merqur.2026001
For BibTeX, RIS, EndNote and the English citation form: all citation formats →
- American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.).
- Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5th ed.). Sage.
- Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum.